Case Study

Why Heavy Infrastructure Technology Needs a Strong Second Core

A Strategic Analysis of Ericsson's Innovation Portfolio and Path Forward

By Christine Pamela A Case Study on Ericsson 2025
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From Telephony Pioneer to Infrastructure Crossroads

Ericsson shaped the global telecommunications industry, building the backbone of mobile networks from 1876 to today. That position once guaranteed steady growth. But the market has fundamentally changed.

Today, operators are spending less, hardware prices face constant pressure, and geopolitics influence who gets access to build national networks. The future will not be won on hardware alone.

SEK 248B
2024 Net Sales
60%
Core Innovation
30%
Edge Innovation
10%
Beyond Innovation

The Long Arc of Innovation

Ericsson began in 1876 as a small workshop in Stockholm repairing telegraph and telephone hardware. Through the twentieth century it grew into a global infrastructure leader that shaped the foundations of the modern mobile world.

1876–1930s
Telephony Hardware & Automated Switching
National networks emerge as Ericsson establishes foundation in telecommunications infrastructure
1950s–60s
Microwave Transmission & Global Scale
Worldwide infrastructure expansion drives international growth
1970s–80s
Foundations of Mobile Networks
Nordic leadership in wireless technology establishes competitive advantage
1990s
2G GSM & Bluetooth Innovation
Massive global adoption creates significant IP value and market dominance
2000s
3G & Mobile Data Revolution
Consumer mobile internet accelerates, transforming telecommunications landscape
2010–2016
4G/LTE & Managed Services
Networks become data platforms as service models evolve
2017–2020
Strategic Reset & IP Focus
Recovery after smartphone era disruption forces portfolio rebalancing
2020–Present
5G, Cloud-Native Core & 6G Research
Competing for future leadership in enterprise networks and next-generation standards

Ericsson Mapped on Theta Framework

The Theta Framework reveals how innovation investments are distributed across core business protection, adjacent growth opportunities, and transformational long-term bets.

Zone Innovation Type Current Focus Evidence of Value
Core Core Innovation RAN hardware evolution, energy-efficient radios, incremental 5G improvements Maintains margin and operator loyalty
Core Adjacent Innovation Managed Services, Cloud Software & Services, Network automation, private 5G for enterprise Expands wallet share inside operators and new verticals
Edge Architectural Innovation Open RAN readiness, virtualized RAN, orchestration layers Reconfiguring networks from hardware to software
Edge Disruptive Innovation Dedicated enterprise networks (factories, ports), network slicing monetization Enterprise becomes direct customer as telco moat challenged
Beyond Transformational 6G architecture work, AI-native networks, advanced spectrum innovations Seeds future leadership and defines global standards
Beyond Frontier/Exploratory Satellite-terrestrial convergence, high-frequency 6G sensing networks Very long-term with unproven economics

Interpretation: Ericsson's innovation portfolio leans heavily on protecting the existing market (Core 60%) while placing bets in software/cloud + enterprise infrastructure (Edge 30%) and long-term 6G (Beyond 10%). The company remains heavily anchored in a market with slowing spend.

The Critical Vulnerability

Ericsson's risk is not its technology. It is the financial gravity of a legacy model. Revenue still depends heavily on mobile network infrastructure and operator capex—a capital-intensive primary core that creates major vulnerability.

Core Zone
High Risk
Revenue still depends heavily on mobile network infrastructure and operator capex. A capital-intensive primary core creates major vulnerability. Competitors like Huawei offset this with diversified cores in cloud and enterprise. Ericsson does not yet have a second engine strong enough to share the load.
Edge Zone
Medium Risk
Enterprise 5G and automation are promising but monetization is slow. Customer readiness, unclear ROI models, and cost barriers stretch timelines and delay replacement revenue.
Beyond Zone
Long-term Strategic
Leadership in standards and 6G R&D positions Ericsson for future relevance. However, these innovations take years to convert into revenue and depend on political access and spectrum policy.

Strategic Interpretation: Ericsson is overweighted in a cost-intensive core where growth is flat and price pressure is rising. Edge innovations are not yet scaling fast enough to reset the revenue curve. Beyond remains essential but too distant to offer near-term financial relief.

Malaysia Case: Aligning Tech with Real-World Value

I supported Ericsson during early 5G strategy work in Malaysia. The goal was to align advanced network capabilities with outcomes that drive national competitiveness. The work connected engineering and local manufacturing with real adoption in industries such as oil and gas, logistics, and smart factories.

Current State

Malaysia moved quickly on deployment using a shared network model. Ericsson has been a primary partner in that rollout. The next phase requires compelling business cases for private networks and intelligent automation across core industries.

Key Challenges

Insight: Malaysia has the network foundation. The next challenge is converting 5G into productivity, exports, and stronger competitiveness.

The Path Forward

Must Accelerate

  • Grow software and services into a real second core through network automation, managed operations, NaaS, and industrial platforms
  • Push enterprise adoption from pilots to industrial scale across oil and gas, smart manufacturing, ports, logistics, and healthcare
  • Strengthen political agility and commercial partnerships to reduce dependency on single government procurement models
  • Accelerate cloud-native and AI-native automation capabilities

Must Reduce Reliance On

  • Telco RAN hardware as the sole value engine
  • Capital-intensive deployment cycles with slow payback periods
  • Government-controlled procurement processes with extended timelines

The Core Challenge: Ericsson must build a second economic core that scales without the same capital burden. Growth now depends on delivering real outcomes for businesses through software, automation, and private networks that boost productivity.